Filtration Used for separating a solid or suspension from a liquid eg separating SAND from water.
Evaporation Used to obtain the solute from a solution eg for obtaining SALT from salty water
Simple distillation Used to obtain the solvent from a solution eg for obtaining pure water from sea water
Fractional distillation Used to separate one liquid from a mixture of different liquids that have different boiling points. Oxygen or nitrogen is obtained from air (a mixture of different gasses) by the fractional distillation of liquid air.
Chromatography Used to separate out one colour from a mixture of colours eg for separating out the colours in black ink

This is an example of paper chromatography and this one has yellow, red,orange and blue